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On January 16, 1920, the Volsted Act was placed in effect, prohibiting the sale, manufacture and transportation of alcoholic beverages within the United States. Ironically, it was this Act -or more appropriately, the defiance of this Act - which led to much of the economic prosperity and innovation experienced throughout the 1920s.

From the onset of the Volsted Act's enforcement, a vast criminal underworld spawned as U.S. citizens purchased illegal alcohol and concocted homemade "bathtub gin." By 1926, illegal liquor traffic was an estimated three-and-a-half billion dollar industry. And in 1927, Al Capone's bootlegging operations earned him $105 million - the highest gross income ever received by a private U.S. citizen.

In 1925, Collier's magazine sent three reporters across country to study the magnitude of the insubordination. What they uncovered was a major breakdown in law enforcement as defiance of Prohibition was encouraging citizens to flout other laws.

By 1933, this epidemic of rebellion ultimately led to the Volsted Act's demise as the "noble experiment" was dubbed a clear failure. Prior to that repeal, however, a young Pennsylvania inventor actively defied the laws of Prohibition, and through his resistance an industry was born. Ofeldt's Still It was sometime in 1926 when Frank W. Ofeldt II, an employee of a western Pennsylvania producer of gas-fired water heaters and boilers, made his breakthrough. Ofeldt was busy piddling in his home's garage, perfecting his design of a portable whiskey still for a local moonshiner, when he noticed an unusual phenomenon. As the gadget's steam outlet aimed downward, a wet steam hit his greasy garage floor and the grease literally began to crawl.

Because Ofeldt came from a family of pioneers in steam engineering, he recognized that steam alone - being a wholly gasified liquid lacking in mass or body - could relocate the grease but could not remove it. He detected the potential of his discovery, however, and quickly began his crusade to create a cleaning contraption that would mix his newfangled wet steam with chemical.

His pursuit led him to Homestead Valve Company in search of a pump casting. There he first met Frederick E. Schuchman Sr. who, also perceiving the possibilities of Ofeldt's findings, immediately took a special interest in the project. "In fact, if it had not been for my dad, there probably never would have been a Jenny," explains Mr. Schuchman's son, Fred E. Schuchman Jr. "Frank Ofeldt was a neat guy. He was a brilliant, rough and ready engineer, too. But he had the marketing sense of a nit." Ofeldt and Homestead's Schuchman joined forces and soon began developmental work on what was temporarily termed the "Hypressure Vapor Spray Generator," for lack of a better name. Then a man named Mr. Eltinge - a brother of the world-famous female impersonator Julius Eltinge - wandered into the Homestead plant.

Mr. Eltinge had taken an advertising course while in prison and was looking for work as an ad man. He examined Homestead's "Spray Generator" and asked what the strange apparatus did. "They explained it generated a high pressure vapor spray and he replied, 'Well, why don't you call it a "High Pressure Jenny?"' explains Schuchman. "And the name stuck." Homestead did not hire Mr. Eltinge, but they did pay him somewhere in the area of 20 dollars for rights to the Jenny name. "I can't imagine them calling it the Ofeldt Cleaner," Schuchman concludes. "It just wouldn't have been the same."

Other Technological Breakthroughs

Jenny is credited for building the very first positive displacement triplex pump with an oil-bath crankcase for steam cleaners, fabricated back around 1934. "We used it for moving chemicals in plants where they needed a husky, adjustable flow three plunger pump. Of course, then we had them on a few machines as well," explains Don Gross who has been selling Jennys since the late 1930s (see sidebar). Due to cost concerns, Homestead later switched to a less expensive reciprocating piston pump around the late 1930s.